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How does the tube-eye see?

The tube-eye (Stylephorus chordatus) is a fish in the order Lampriformes. Its eyes belong to the vision type Shallow-water fish tetrachromat.

Measured in this species: sharpness. Measured colour or sharpness: a measured receptor set or acuity in this species; other dials come from relatives or group defaults. Every value below carries its evidence level and sources; nothing is typed by hand.

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What stands out

The six dials

Evidence levels: how the tiers work. "Measured" means a value measured in this species; "Estimated" values come from a close relative or an eye-size formula.

Vision values for the tube-eye (Stylephorus chordatus), catalogue-v1
DialValueEvidenceSources
ColourColour receptors
3 receptor classes: 444 nm (SWS (blue)), 521 nm (MWS (green)), 555 nm (LWS (long))
GROUP TEMPLATE (tier C, no measured relative in genus, family, order or class): median receptor set of 125 measured species in group Fishes (bony + jawless) (tidy-table major group) (3 classes): Abramis brama…
Group default[1][2][3][4]
SharpnessAcuity
9.2 cycles per degree
median of 1 anatomical-ganglion rows (method priority rule)
Measured[5]
Field of viewBinocular overlap
32.85°
group default: median of tier-A values in vision type V18 within phylum Chordata (2 species: Danio rerio, Notemigonus crysoleucas)
Group default[6]
Sharp zones (foveas)Number of foveas
0
group default: mode of tier-A values in vision type V18 within phylum Chordata (2 species: Toxotes jaculatrix, Anableps anableps)
Group default[7][8]
Fovea type
ventrotemporal area (high rgc density)		Group default[7][8]
Night visionActivity pattern
diurnal
group default: mode of tier-A values in vision type V18 within phylum Chordata (224 species: Amphiprion ocellaris, Acanthochromis polyacanthus, Acanthurus bahianus, Acanthurus chirurgus, Acanthurus coeruleus…
Group default[9][10]
Rods vs cones
cone-dominated		Group default[9][10]
Motion (flicker fusion)Flicker fusion frequency
50 Hz
group default: median of tier-A values in vision type V18 within phylum Chordata (45 species: Carassius auratus, Danio rerio, Poecilia reticulata, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Acanthochromis polyacanthus, Anguilla anguilla)
Group default[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

Related animals

More fish: all fish with measured vision data.

Sources

  1. Losey GS et al. 2003. Visual biology of Hawaiian coral reef fishes. I. Ocular transmission and visual pigments. Copeia 2003:433-454. doi.org/10.1643/01-053
  2. PLOS ONE 2025 e0316789 S5: visual pigment data for species of nine fish families, from the literature. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316789.s005
  3. Schweikert LE, Fitak RR, Caves EM, Sutton TT, Johnsen S. 2018. Spectral sensitivity in ray-finned fishes: diversity, ecology and shared descent. J Exp Biol 221:jeb189761. Table S1. doi.org/10.1242/jeb.189761
  4. VPOD in-vivo (MSP / single-cell) lambda max compendium, file scp_cleaned.csv, VPOD GitHub (Frazer et al. 2025 bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.08.22.671864). github.com/VisualPhysiologyDB/visual-physiology-opsin-db/tree/main/scripts_n_notebooks/vpod_ML_workflows/mine_n_match/data_sources/lmax/vpod
  5. Caves EM, Sutton TT, Johnsen S (2017) Visual acuity in ray-finned fishes correlates with eye size and habitat. J Exp Biol 220:1586-1596. Table S1.. doi.org/10.1242/jeb.151183
  6. Pita D, Moore BA, Tyrrell LP, Fernandez-Juricic E. 2015. Vision in two cyprinid fish: implications for collective behavior. PeerJ 3:e1113.. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1113
  7. species_v1:Schwab et al. 2001
  8. species_v1:Temple et al. 2010
  9. Froese R. & Pauly D. (eds). FishBase, snapshot v25.04 (morphmet, morphdat, species, families tables), distributed as parquet by C. Boettiger for rfishbase.. fishbase.org
  10. Moura et al. 2024. A phylogeny-informed characterisation of global tetrapod traits addresses data gaps and biases. PLoS Biol 22:e3002658. TetrapodTraits v3.0.1.. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22536349
  11. Horodysky A, Brill R, Crawford K et al. (2013) Comparative visual ecophysiology of mid-Atlantic temperate reef fishes. Biology Open
  12. Fogg LG, Chung W-S, Marshall NJ, Cortesi F, de Busserolles F. 2023. Multiple rod layers increase the speed and sensitivity of vision in nocturnal reef fishes. Proc R Soc B 290 (doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.1749). Data: Dryad doi:10.5061/dryad.280gb5mtf, mirrored on Zenodo 7636493. doi.org/10.5061/dryad.280gb5mtf
  13. Haarlem CS, Hynes C, Jackson AL, Mitchell KJ, O'Connell RG, Healy K. 2026. Pace of ecology drives the tempo of visual perception across the animal kingdom. Nature Ecology & Evolution (doi:10.1038/s41559-026-02994-7). Figshare dataset 10.6084/m9.figshare.30556475. doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30556475
  14. Healy K, McNally L, Ruxton GD, Cooper N, Jackson AL. 2013. Metabolic rate and body size are linked with perception of temporal information. Animal Behaviour 86:685-696. Table 1. doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.06.018
  15. Inger R, Bennie J, Davies TW, Gaston KJ. 2014. Potential biological and ecological effects of flickering artificial light. PLoS ONE 9(5): e98631. Table 3. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098631
  16. Lafitte A, Sordello R, Legrand M, Nicolas V, Obein G, Reyjol Y. 2022. A flashing light may not be that flashy: A systematic review on critical fusion frequencies. PLoS ONE 17(12): e0279718. S10 File (CFF database). doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279718
  17. species_v1:Patterson et al. 2002 (via Lafitte et al. 2022)

Every value cites its sources (all sources). Data: catalogue-v1, built 2026-09-29. Accuracy notes: how accurate is this?