How fish see
496 fish have at least one vision value measured in the species itself. The ranges below use measured values only.
- Colour receptor classes, measured in 331 species: 1 to 7.
- Acuity, measured in 160 species: 0.563 to 40 cycles per degree.
- Flicker fusion, measured in 45 species: 8.8 to 117 Hz.
Measured values by dial
| Dial | Species with a measured value |
|---|---|
| Colour | 331 |
| Sharpness | 160 |
| Field of view | 2 |
| Sharp zones (foveas) | 2 |
| Night vision | 12 |
| Motion (flicker fusion) | 45 |
Vision types in this group
- Shallow-water fish tetrachromat: 494 species
- Deep-sea bioluminescence specialist: 1 species
- Shark, ray and warm-eyed ocean predator: 1 species
Featured
ZebrafishShallow-water fish tetrachromat
GoldfishShallow-water fish tetrachromat
Picasso triggerfishShallow-water fish tetrachromat
Stoplight loosejawDeep-sea bioluminescence specialist
All fish with pages
| Species | Measured dials | Vision type |
|---|---|---|
| Zebrafish Danio rerio | colour, sharpness, field of view, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Goldfish Carassius auratus | colour, sharpness, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Picasso triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Stoplight loosejaw Malacosteus niger | colour, sharpness | Deep-sea bioluminescence specialist |
| Banded archerfish Toxotes jaculatrix | colour, sharpness, foveas | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Guppy Poecilia reticulata | colour, sharpness, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Japanese rice fish Oryzias latipes | colour, sharpness, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss | colour, sharpness, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares | colour, sharpness, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Alaska pollock Gadus chalcogrammus | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ambon damelfish Pomacentrus amboinensis | sharpness, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| American yellow perch Perca flavescens | sharpness, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber | colour, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Barrier reef anemonefish Amphiprion akindynos | sharpness, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bigscale deep-sea smelt Melanolagus bericoides | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black seabass Centropristis striata | colour, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Chinese trumpetfish Aulostomus chinensis | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Common carp Cyprinus carpio | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Convict surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European perch Perca fluviatilis | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European plaice Pleuronectes platessa | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Freshwater bream Abramis brama | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Goldsilk seabream Acanthopagrus berda | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Half-naked hatchetfish Argyropelecus hemigymnus | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Hatchetfish Sternoptyx diaphana | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Herring Clupea harengus | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Indonesian damsel Pomacentrus melanochir | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Johnston island damsel Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Largemouth black bass Micropterus salmoides | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Largescale archerfish Toxotes chatareus | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus | colour, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific gregory Stegastes fasciolatus | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Red seabream Pagrus major | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| River lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis | colour, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Roach Rutilus rutilus | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sailfin tang Zebrasoma veliferum | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sammara squirrelfish Neoniphon sammara | colour, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Slime flounder Microstomus achne | colour, sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spiny chromis Acanthochromis polyacanthus | night vision, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted surgeonfish Ctenochaetus strigosus | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Staghorn damselfish Amblyglyphidodon curacao | sharpness, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tautog Tautoga onitis | colour, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus | colour, motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Vanderbilt's chromis Chromis vanderbilti | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellow tang Zebrasoma flavescens | colour, night vision | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Abyssal smooth-head Rinoctes nasutus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Achilles tang Acanthurus achilles | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Amazon molly Poecilia formosa | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Annular seabream Diplodus annularis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Antlered sculpin Enophrys diceraus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Asp Leuciscus aspius | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Atlantic blue marlin Makaira nigricans | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Atlantic sabertooth Coccorella atlantica | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Atlantic sailfish Istiophorus albicans | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Atlantic salmon Salmo salar | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Atlantic silver hatchetfish Argyropelecus aculeatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Australian brook lamprey Mordacia praecox | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Avocet snipe eel Avocettina infans | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Baikal yellowfin Cottocomephorus grewingkii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Baird's smooth head Alepocephalus bairdii | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Balbo sabretooth Evermannella balbo | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bald notothen Pagothenia borchgrevinki | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Banded astyanax Astyanax fasciatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Banded frogfish Halophryne diemensis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Barbour's seahorse Hippocampus barbouri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Barreleye (Monacoa grimaldii) Monacoa grimaldii | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Barreleye (Opisthoproctus soleatus) Opisthoproctus soleatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Basket hap Mylochromis lateristriga | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bean's bigscale Scopelogadus beanii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Belligerent sculpin Megalocottus platycephalus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Big-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Big-scale sand smelt Atherina boyeri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bigfin pearleye Scopelarchus michaelsarsi | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bighead portholefish Margrethia obtusirostra | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bighead sculpin Batrachocottus baicalensis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Binocular fish Winteria telescopa | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black bullhead Ameiurus melas | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black goby Gobius niger | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black perch Embiotoca jacksoni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black prickleback Xiphister atropurpureus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black scraper Thamnaconus modestus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Black-belly dragonfish Stomias atriventer | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blackbelly eelpout Lycodes pacificus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blackhead salmon Narcetes stomias | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bleak Alburnus alburnus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bloater Coregonus hoyi | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blotcheye soldierfish Myripristis berndti | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blue acara Andinoacara pulcher | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blue antimora Antimora rostrata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blue mackerel Scomber australasicus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Blue tuskfish Choerodon cyanodus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluefin gurnard Chelidonichthys kumu | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluefin killifish Lucania goodei | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluelined surgeonfish Acanthurus nigroris | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluespine unicornfish Naso unicornis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluestriped fangblenny Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluntsnout lanternfish Dasyscopelus obtusirostris | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bluntsnout smooth-head Xenodermichthys copei | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Boomerang triggerfish Sufflamen bursa | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bowfin Amia calva | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Brightbelly sculpin Microcottus sellaris | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Broadnosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bronze sawtooth eel Serrivomer lanceolatoides | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Brown rockfish Sebastes auriculatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Brownspotted grouper Epinephelus chlorostigma | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Buffalo sculpin Enophrys bison | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bullhead Cottus gobio | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Butter sole Isopsetta isolepis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| California smoothtongue Leuroglossus stilbius | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Californian anchovy Engraulis mordax | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Carmine triplefin Enneanectes carminalis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Caspian anadromous shad Alosa kessleri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Celebes medaka Oryzias celebensis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Celebes rainbowfish Marosatherina ladigesi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Chocolate-dip chromis Chromis hanui | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Clown triggerfish Balistoides conspicillum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Cobia Rachycentron canadum | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Collared large-eye bream Gymnocranius audleyi | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Common bluestripe snapper Lutjanus kasmira | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Common dab Limanda limanda | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Common fangtooth Anoplogaster cornuta | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Common goby Pomatoschistus microps | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Common snook Centropomus undecimalis | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Convict grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Cook's cardinalfish Ostorhinchus cookii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Copper rockfish Sebastes caurinus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Coral hind Cephalopholis miniata | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Corkwing wrasse Symphodus melops | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Crescent gunnel Pholis laeta | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Crested flounder Lophonectes gallus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Crimson snapper Lutjanus erythropterus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Crucian carp Carassius carassius | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Cutlips minnow Exoglossum maxillingua | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Cylindrical sandperch Parapercis cylindrica | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Deep sea smelt Glossanodon semifasciatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Degen's leatherjacket Thamnaconus degeni | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Diogenes lanternfish Diogenichthys laternatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Doederlein's cardinalfish Ostorhinchus doederleini | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Dumeril's lanternfish Diaphus dumerilii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Dusky lanternfish Nannobrachium atrum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Dwarf medaka Oryzias minutillus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Dwarf perch Micrometrus minimus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Eastern school whiting Sillago flindersi | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Eelpout Zoarces viviparus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Electric lantern fish Electrona risso | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Elephantnose fish Gnathonemus petersii | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Elongated bristlemouth Sigmops elongatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Emerald rockcod Trematomus bernacchii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Emperor red snapper Lutjanus sebae | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| English sole Parophrys vetulus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European eel Anguilla anguilla | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European flounder Platichthys flesus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European hake Merluccius merluccius | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European smelt Osmerus eperlanus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| False kelpfish Sebastiscus marmoratus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Fantail filefish Pervagor spilosoma | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Fatty sculpin Batrachocottus nikolskii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Festive lanternfish Lampanyctus festivus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Five-lined snapper Lutjanus quinquelineatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Florida gar Lepisosteus platyrhincus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Forcepsfish Forcipiger flavissimus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Four-eyed fish Anableps anableps | foveas | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Fourhorn sculpin Myoxocephalus quadricornis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Freckled goatfish Upeneus tragula | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Garfish Belone belone | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Giant danio Devario aequipinnatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Giant hatchetfish Argyropelecus gigas | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Giant oarfish Regalecus glesne | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Glass knifefish Eigenmannia virescens | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Glasseye Heteropriacanthus cruentatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Goiter blacksmelt Bathylagus euryops | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Golden mbuna Melanochromis auratus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas | field of view | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Great sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Greater amberjack Seriola dumerili | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Green damselfish Abudefduf abdominalis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Green swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Greenback horse mackerel Trachurus declivis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Greeneye Chlorophthalmus albatrossis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Grey gurnard Eutrigla gurnardus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Grey snapper Lutjanus griseus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Grunt sculpin Rhamphocottus richardsonii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Guineafowl puffer Arothron meleagris | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Gÿnther's lanternfish Lepidophanes guentheri | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Haplochromis borleyi redfin Copadichromis borleyi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Hawaiian chromis Chromis ovalis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Hawaiian dascyllus Dascyllus albisella | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Hawaiian flagtail Kuhlia sandvicensis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Hawaiian squirrelfish Sargocentron xantherythrum | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| High cockscomb Anoplarchus purpurescens | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Hoedt's waryfish Scopelosaurus hoedti | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Indian perch Jaydia lineata | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Iridescent cardinalfish Pristiapogon kallopterus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Japanese amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Japanese horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| John's snapper Lutjanus johnii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Kelp bass Paralabrax clathratus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Kelp greenling Hexagrammos decagrammus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Kelp perch Brachyistius frenatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Kessler's sculpin Leocottus kesslerii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| King mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Laced moray Gymnothorax favagineus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lanternfish (Diaphus mollis) Diaphus mollis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lanternfish (Diaphus parri) Diaphus parri | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lanternfish (Malakichthys wakiyae) Malakichthys wakiyae | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lanternfish (Myctophum lychnobium) Myctophum lychnobium | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lanternfish (Notoscopelus kroyeri) Notoscopelus kroyeri | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lanternfish (Symbolophorus rufinus) Symbolophorus rufinus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Largescale blackfish Girella punctata | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lattice soldierfish Myripristis violacea | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Legless searsid Platytroctes apus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lemon sole Microstomus kitt | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lethrinops red flush Lethrinops parvidens | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lingcod Ophiodon elongatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Lobefin snailfish Polypera greeni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longfin baikal sculpin Cottocomephorus inermis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longfin sculpin Jordania zonope | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longfin smooth-head Conocara macropterum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longjaw bigscale Scopeloberyx robustus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longray fangjaw Bonapartia pedaliota | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longsnout blacksmelt Dolicholagus longirostris | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longspine thornyhead Sebastolobus altivelis | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Longspined bullhead Taurulus bubalis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Loosejaw Aristostomias tittmanni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Luminous cardinalfish Rhabdamia gracilis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Luminous lanternfish Lampadena luminosa | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Macculloch's rainbowfish Melanotaenia maccullochi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Mahi-mahi Coryphaena hippurus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Malawi eyebiter Dimidiochromis compressiceps | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Manybar goatfish Parupeneus multifasciatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Marbled snailfish Liparis dennyi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Marginate dascyllus Dascyllus marginatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Mediterranean horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Midwater eelpout Melanostigma pammelas | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Mirror lanternfish Lampadena speculigera | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Moorish idol Zanclus cornutus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Mosshead sculpin Clinocottus globiceps | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Night aulonocara Aulonocara hueseri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Nikolay's lanternfish Bolinichthys nikolayi | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| North Atlantic codling Lepidion eques | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| North Pacific hake Merluccius productus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Northern clingfish Gobiesox maeandricus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Northern lampfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Northern ronquil Ronquilus jordani | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Northern sculpin Icelinus borealis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Northern spearnose poacher Agonopsis vulsa | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Oceanic lightfish Vinciguerria nimbaria | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ocellated blenny Opisthocentrus ocellatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ochre-striped cardinalfish Ostorhinchus compressus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Okhotsk atka mackerel Pleurogrammus azonus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Orangespine unicornfish Naso lituratus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Orangetail filefish Pervagor aspricaudus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Oscar Astronotus ocellatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific astronesthid fish Astronesthes lucifer | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific blackdragon Idiacanthus antrostomus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific hatchetfish Argyropelecus affinis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific herring Clupea pallasii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific pompano Peprilus simillimus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific rainbow smelt Osmerus dentex | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific rock sole Lepidopsetta bilineata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific sanddab Citharichthys sordidus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific sandfish Trichodon trichodon | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific saury Cololabis saira | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific scabbardfish Lepidopus fitchi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific sierra Scomberomorus sierra | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific spiny lumpsucker Eumicrotremus orbis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific staghorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pacific tomcod Microgadus proximus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Padded sculpin Artedius fenestralis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Painted comber Serranus scriba | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Panama snaggletooth Borostomias panamensis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Para molly Poecilia parae | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pearlspot Etroplus suratensis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pearly lanternfish Myctophum nitidulum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Penpoint gunnel Apodichthys flavidus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Picarel Spicara smaris | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pighead prickleback Acantholumpenus mackayi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pike cichlid Crenicichla frenata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pike-perch Sander lucioperca | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pile perch Rhacochilus vacca | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pinfish Lagodon rhomboides | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pink seaperch Zalembius rosaceus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pinpoint lampfish Nannobrachium regale | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Plain sculpin Myoxocephalus jaok | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pollack Pollachius pollachius | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Popeye lampfish Bolinichthys longipes | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Pouched lamprey Geotria australis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Powan Coregonus clupeoides | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Prickly lanternfish Myctophum asperum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Prussian carp Carassius gibelio | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Puget sound rockfish Sebastes emphaeus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Puget sound sculpin Ruscarius meanyi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Purple mbuna Melanochromis vermivorus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rainbow seaperch Hypsurus caryi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Red irish lord Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Red mullet Mullus barbatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Red sculpin Procottus jeittelesii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Reef perch Micrometrus aurora | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ribbed sculpin Triglops pingelii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ribbon moray Rhinomuraena quaesita | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ribbon prickleback Phytichthys chirus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Risso's smooth-head Alepocephalus rostratus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rock bass Ambloplites rupestris | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rock goby Gobius paganellus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rock prickleback Xiphister mucosus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rockhead Bothragonus swanii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rosy dory Cyttopsis rosea | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rosylip sculpin Ascelichthys rhodorus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rough triggerfish Canthidermis maculata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Roundsnout gurnard Lepidotrigla mulhalli | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Russell's snapper Lutjanus russellii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Saddleback gunnel Pholis ornata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sailfin sculpin Nautichthys oculofasciatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Salmon smooth-head Conocara salmoneum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Samoan cardinalfish Nectamia savayensis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Scalpel sawtail Prionurus scalprum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Scaly rockcod Trematomus loennbergii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Scalyhead sculpin Artedius harringtoni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sea stickleback Spinachia spinachia | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sea trout Salmo trutta | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Semicircle angelfish Pomacanthus semicirculatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shanny Lipophrys pholis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sherborn's pelagic bass Howella sherborni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shiner perch Cymatogaster aggregata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shore rockling Gaidropsarus mediterraneus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Short fin pearleye Scopelarchus analis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Short-headed lamprey Mordacia mordax | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Short-headed sculpin Cottinella boulengeri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Short-jawed lanternfish Myctophum brachygnathum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shortfin molly Poecilia mexicana | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shortfin spiny eel Notacanthus bonaparte | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shortspine combfish Zaniolepis frenata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Shortspine thornyhead Sebastolobus alascanus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Showy snailfish Liparis pulchellus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sichel Pelecus cultratus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Silver seabream Pagrus auratus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Silverbelly Parequula melbournensis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Silverspotted sculpin Blepsias cirrhosus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Six-lined prickleback Ernogrammus hexagrammus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sladen's hatchetfish Argyropelecus sladeni | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Slender bigscale Melamphaes acanthomus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Slender giant moray Strophidon sathete | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Slender snipe eel Nemichthys scolopaceus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Slender sole Lyopsetta exilis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Slimtail lampfish Lampanyctus parvicauda | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sloane's viperfish Chauliodus sloani | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Small scaled brown slickhead Alepocephalus australis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Small-eyed sculpin Abyssocottus korotneffi | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Smallfin lanternfish Benthosema suborbitale | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Smallscale smooth-head Bathytroctes microlepis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Smalltooth dragonfish Pachystomias microdon | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Snake prickleback Lumpenus sagitta | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Soft sculpin Psychrolutes sigalutes | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Softskin smooth-head Rouleina attrita | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sôhachi Cleisthenes pinetorum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Southern sand flathead Platycephalus bassensis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spanish flag snapper Lutjanus carponotatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spindle hap Protomelas taeniolatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spiny lantern fish Myctophum spinosum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spinyhead sculpin Dasycottus setiger | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spot croaker Leiostomus xanthurus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotlight lanternfish Diaphus lucidus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted boxfish Ostracion meleagris | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted halibut Verasper variegatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted lanternfish Myctophum punctatum | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted pipefish Stigmatopora argus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted seahorse Hippocampus kuda | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted sunfish Lepomis punctatus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotted weakfish Cynoscion nebulosus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Spotty-fins sculpin Batrachocottus multiradiatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Squeteague Cynoscion regalis | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Starry flounder Platichthys stellatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Starry goby Asterropteryx semipunctata | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Steller's sculpin Myoxocephalus stelleri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Stone sculpin Paracottus knerii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Striped bass Morone saxatilis | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Striped escolar Diplospinus multistriatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Striped marlin Kajikia audax | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Striped rockcod Trematomus hansoni | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Striped seaperch Embiotoca lateralis | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Striped triplefin Forsterygion varium | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Stripey Microcanthus strigatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sturgeon poacher Podothecus accipenserinus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus | motion (flicker fusion) | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Sunburst butterflyfish Chaetodon kleinii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Surf smelt Hypomesus pretiosus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Swordfish Xiphias gladius | motion (flicker fusion) | Shark, ray and warm-eyed ocean predator |
| Tadpole sculpin Psychrolutes paradoxus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tapertail Radiicephalus elongatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tarpon Megalops atlanticus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tarry hogfish Bodianus bilunulatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Teardrop butterflyfish Chaetodon unimaculatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tench Tinca tinca | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Threaded sculpin Gymnocanthus pistilliger | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Threadfin cardinalfish Zoramia leptacantha | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Threespot chromis Chromis verater | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tidepool sculpin Oligocottus maculosus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tidepool snailfish Liparis florae | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tiger flathead Platycephalus richardsoni | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Trumpet emperor Lethrinus miniatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tube-eye Stylephorus chordatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tube-snout Aulorhynchus flavidus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Tubeshoulder Searsia koefoedi | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Turbot Scophthalmus maximus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Two-spot red snapper Lutjanus bohar | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Two-spotted goby Gobiusculus flavescens | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Variable sabretooth blenny Petroscirtes variabilis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Variegated lizardfish Synodus variegatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Wahoo Acanthocybium solandri | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Warming's lantern fish Ceratoscopelus warmingii | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| West Australian seahorse Hippocampus subelongatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| White bream Blicca bjoerkna | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| White catfish Ameiurus catus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| White crappie Pomoxis annularis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| White marlin Kajikia albida | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| White sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Whitefin trevally Carangoides equula | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Whitespotted greenling Hexagrammos stelleri | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Winged lanternfish Lampanyctus alatus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Wrestling halfbeak Dermogenys pusilla | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellow dottyback Pseudochromis fuscus | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellow jack Carangoides bartholomaei | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellow sand cichlid Xenotilapia flavipinnis | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellow striped flounder Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellow-banded snapper Lutjanus adetii | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellowback seabream Dentex tumifrons | sharpness | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellowfin sole Limanda aspera | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellowstripe goatfish Mulloidichthys flavolineatus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Yellowstriped cardinalfish Ostorhinchus cyanosoma | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Zebra mbuna Maylandia zebra | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Zebra turkeyfish Dendrochirus zebra | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |
| Zope Ballerus ballerus | colour | Shallow-water fish tetrachromat |